...binds to the receptor and the ion...
...detect electrical energy. RECEPTOR POTENTIAL Sensory receptors...
...the cell membrane. Receptor cells absorb energy,...
...and produce a receptor potential that may...
...action potential. Each receptor is sensitive to...
...is increased, the receptor becomes hyperpolarized. If...
...potential decreases, the receptor becomes depolarized. Stimulus...
...electrical energy ? receptor potential ? action...
...(transduction); Produces a receptor potential that may...
...action potential The receptor response to a...
...depolarization of the receptor membrane, which in...
...depends on the receptor and the brain....
...about 100 taste receptor cells interspersed with...
...of the taste receptor cells have microvilli...
...the nasal passageway. Receptor molecules on the...
...intensity of the receptor potential. Humans can...
...particular type of receptor. The combination of...
...cardiac muscle. The receptor activates G proteins...
...surface proteins with receptor sites. These cells...
...Carry specific glycoprotein receptor to bind to...
...surface proteins with receptor sites. Produces the...
...bearing a matching receptor on its surface...
...a T cell receptor. An antibody interacts...
...and degraded by receptor up-regulation or receptor...
...receptor up-regulation or receptor down-regulation. In many...
...nucleus form a hormone-receptor complex. Complex combines...
...with the hormone receptor on the plasma...
...binds to a receptor, calcium ion channels...
...as second messengers. Hormone-receptor complex activates the...

...binds to the receptor and the ion...
...detect electrical energy. RECEPTOR POTENTIAL Sensory receptors...
...the cell membrane. Receptor cells absorb energy,...
...and produce a receptor potential that may...
...action potential. Each receptor is sensitive to...
...is increased, the receptor becomes hyperpolarized. If...
...potential decreases, the receptor becomes depolarized. Stimulus...
...electrical energy ? receptor potential ? action...
...(transduction); Produces a receptor potential that may...
...about 100 taste receptor cells interspersed with...
...of the taste receptor cells have microvilli...
...the nasal passageway. Receptor molecules on the...
...intensity of the receptor potential. Humans can...
...particular type of receptor. The combination of...
...activated when a receptor binds to an...
...Carry specific glycoprotein receptor to bind to...
...surface proteins with receptor sites. These cells...
...bearing a matching receptor on its surface...

...each bind to receptor proteins on the...
...by a specific receptor molecule. The information...
...molecule changes the receptor protein in some...
...binds to a receptor protein, causing it...
...signal has a receptor protein on or...
...site on the receptor that is complementary...
...generally causes the receptor protein to undergo...
...may activate the receptor so that it...
...causes aggregation of receptor molecules, leading to...
...specific sites on receptor proteins that span...
...membrane. The transmembrane receptor transmits information from...
...receptors: G-protein-linked receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases, and...
...receptors. A G-protein-linked receptor consists of a...
...consists of a receptor protein associated with...
...side of the receptor, the G protein...
...dissociates from the receptor and diffuses along...
...longer present. G-protein receptor systems are extremely...
...function. The tyrosine-kinase receptor system is especially...
...reproduction. The tyrosine-kinase receptor belongs to a...
...An individual tyrosine-kinase receptor consists of three...
...to an individual receptor. Ligands bind to...
...The fully activated receptor proteins activate a...
...molecules. One tyrosine-kinase receptor dimer may activate...
...type of membrane receptor that can act...
...gate when the receptor changes shape. When...
...ligand to the receptor protein, the gate...
...channel in the receptor. Binding by a...
...dissociates from the receptor protein, the channel...
...Malformations of cell-surface receptor molecules are associated...
...Abnormal functioning of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs)...
...levels of a receptor tyrosine kinase called...
...successful treatments. Some receptor proteins are intracellular....
...with an intracellular receptor is nitric oxide...
...cells that contain receptor molecules for testosterone...
...and activates the receptor protein. The activated...
...does the activated hormone-receptor complex turn on...
...there. Many intracellular receptor proteins are structurally...
...molecule to a receptor in the plasma...
...dominoes. The signal-activated receptor activates another protein,...
...a signal from receptor to response are...
...to the membrane receptor is a pathway’s...
...because the activated receptor activates adenylyl cyclase,...
...to a specific receptor protein, the normal...
...activate a different receptor that activates an...
...by a tyrosine-kinase receptor. IP3 activates a...
...an activated steroid receptor, the final activated...
...particular collection of receptor proteins, relay proteins,...
...use the same receptor protein, but differences...
...may use differing receptor proteins for the...
...pathways often involve receptor tyrosine kinases (which...
...appropriately activated membrane receptor, facilitating a specific...

...by specialized sensory receptor cells and ultimately...
...potential of a receptor cell: energy ?...
...cell: energy ? receptor potential. First, there...
...potential called a receptor potential. Specific receptor...
...receptor potential. Specific receptor molecules of the...
...membrane of a receptor cell open or...
...transduction into a receptor potential, the signal...
...some cases the receptor itself is a...
...cells." For some receptor cells, the strength...
...the stimulus and receptor potential affect the...
...released by the receptor at its synapse...
...for transduction by receptor cells varies with...
...and bitter. Each receptor cell is more...
...about 100 taste receptor cells interspersed with...
...of the taste receptor cells have microvilli...
...the nasal passageway. Receptor molecules on the...
...intensity of the receptor potential. Humans can...
...particular type of receptor. The combination of...

...in membrane potential. Receptor potential Amplification. The...
...the stimulus and receptor potential affects the...
...by the sensory receptor. Some sensory receptors...
...intensity of the receptor potential affects the...
...at the sensory receptor. For example, sensory...
...sensitivity of a receptor to a stimulus...
...tongue. Each taste receptor responds to a...
...pattern of taste receptor response that determines...

...antibody genes or receptor genes are linked...
...an antibody or receptor protein. This process,...
...to an antigen receptor on a T...
...(through phagocytosis or receptor-mediated endocytosis), or after...
...the B cell receptor for an antigen...
...as the major receptor for the virus....

...them discuss which receptor is being affected...
...or inhibiting the receptor site. Suggested Clinical...
...them identify which receptor is being affected...
...has on the receptor site. Suggested Clinical...
...of pharmacotherapeutic effects. Receptor theory states that...
...stimulating or inhibiting receptor sites. The response...
...bind to a receptor and produce a...
...intrinsic activity. Drug receptor binding is like...
...key. Once occupied, receptor triggers second messenger...
...The discovery of receptor subtypes (two basic...
...triggered by that receptor. The response may...
...activity of the receptor. They may compete...

...Generator potential Sensory receptor is the primary...
...spreads along membrane Receptor potential Sensory receptor...
...Receptor potential Sensory receptor is separate from...
...intensity Stimulus duration Receptor Location Receptor location...
...duration Receptor Location Receptor location encodes both...
...than one sensory receptor cell Lateral inhibition...
...can a sensory receptor code for a...
...over which a receptor exhibits an increased...
...response in a receptor 50% of the...
...duration of stimulus Receptor adaptation – AP...
...the nasal cavity Receptor cells are ciliated...
...bipolar neurons Odorant receptor proteins are located...
...transduction in olfactory receptor cell Figure 7.7...
...only one odorant receptor protein There are...
...1000s of different receptor proteins Receptors recognize...
...more than one receptor The Gustatory System...
...Gustatory System Taste receptor cells differ from...
...differ from odorant receptor cells Epithelial cells...
...kind of taste receptor protein A single...
...than one taste receptor cell Diverse signal...
...Group of taste receptor cells Clustered in...
...6.10 Tastants Taste Receptor Transduction Pathways Figure...
...6.11a-b (Salamanders) Taste Receptor Transduction Pathways Figure...
...only a single receptor protein Differences suggest...
...TRP channels Transient receptor potential channels Channels...
...trans Opsin G-protein-coupled receptor protein Opsin structure...
...each type of receptor and infer the...

...potential of sensory receptor cells, thereby regulating...
...dendrites in stretch receptor cells open ion...
...in the sensory receptor absorb light. The...
...of a sensory receptor is called sensory...
...known as a receptor potential. Receptor potentials...
...a receptor potential. Receptor potentials are graded...
...stimulus into a receptor potential initiates transmission...
...system (CNS). Sensory receptor cells, such as...
...the crayfish stretch receptor, are neurons that...
...CNS. Other sensory receptor cells release neurotransmitters...
...such synapses, the receptor releases an excitatory...
...magnitude of a receptor potential controls the...
...by a sensory receptor. If the receptor...
...receptor. If the receptor is a sensory...
...neuron, a larger receptor potential results in...
...potentials. If the receptor is not a...
...neuron, a larger receptor potential causes more...
...information is received. Receptor potentials produced by...
...of a sensory receptor cell are integrated...
...occurs in sensory receptor cells often requires...
...single type of receptor specific for a...
...the vertebrate stretch receptor are the dendrites...
...membrane of the receptor cell and initiates...
...of calcium. The receptor protein that opens...
...range. The capsaicin receptor and at least...
...the TRP (transient receptor potential) family of...
...proteins. The TRP-type receptor specific for temperatures...
...mechanoreceptors that produce receptor potentials when some...
...layer of ciliated receptor cells surrounding a...
...tympanic membrane, stimulating receptor cells attached to...
...the antennae. Mammalian receptor cells for taste...
...have identified the receptor proteins for four...
...requires a G-protein-coupled receptor, or GPCR. In...
...and one umami receptor, each assembled from...
...Binding of the receptor to the tastant...
...taste receptors, the receptor for sour tastants...
...the TRP (transient receptor protein) family. Formed...
...proteins, the sour receptor is similar to...
...to the capsaicin receptor and other thermoreceptor...
...of the sour receptor assemble into a...
...substance to the receptor triggers a change...
...one type of receptor or whether each...
...had a single receptor type, programming the...
...a cloned bitter receptor, he was able...
...expresses a single receptor type and transmits...
...five tastes. Olfactory receptor cells line the...
...In mammals, olfactory receptor cells line the...
...called an odorant receptor (OR) on the...
...ions into the receptor cell depolarizes the...
...than 1,000 odorant receptor (OR) genes, accounting...
...type of glutamate receptor present at the...

...binding to specific receptor proteins in or...
...hormones contain internal receptor molecules that bind...
...binds to a receptor protein, triggering events...
...to a G-protein-linked receptor on the plasma...
...to its cytoplasmic receptor forms a hormone-receptor...
...receptor forms a hormone-receptor complex that moves...
...the nucleus, the receptor portion of the...
...has a specific receptor in the liver...
...binds to its receptor, activating the transcription...
...the nucleus. The receptor then binds to...
...the same epinephrine receptor inactivates a muscle-specific...
...an -type epinephrine receptor. The -type receptor...
...receptor. The -type receptor triggers a distinct...
...to its specific receptor in or on...
...atom. The same receptor molecule in the...
...bind to the receptor for TSH, activating...